This study was conducted to find out the causative agents of urinary tract infection (UTI), its prevalence and antibiotics sensitivity/ resistance of the isolated organisms from male and female students residing in the Campus hostels of University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, in Enugu State. A total of 200 individuals, 100 males and 100 females were studied for UTI. Information obtained by questionnaire shows that one 110 had symptoms like painful pelvis, polyuria, vomiting, nausea and fever. 90 had no such symptoms. All individuals, were subjected to urine culture using aseptic methods in sampling and cultured using appropriate culture media eg Blood agar, chocolates agar and MacConkey agar plates, incubated at 37oc for 24hours and isolates were noted. 48 individuals with symptoms of UTI yielded isolates while 2 yielded no isolates and 50 individuals without symptoms yielded no isolates among males while out of 60 with symptoms in females, 3 yielded no isolates and 57 individuals yielded isolates and 40 without symptoms yielded no isolates. Thus, a total of 105 isolates were obtained from both male and female students studied. Statistical analysis was carried out on the results obtained using the chi-square method which shows that 105 (52.5%) isolates obtained from both male and female students with symptoms were statistically significant (P< 0.05). Also, statistical analysis based on the prevalence of UTI in male and female students studied shown that result is not significant (P>0.05), this means that the prevalence is not sex related. The study spanned through June to August 2010, at the University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, in Enugu state. The most prevalent organisms were E. coli 41(39.05%), Staphylococcus aureus 22(20.95%), Proteus mirabilis 21(20%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9(8.57%), Coagulase negative staph.8 (7.62%) and Streptococcus fecalis 4 (3.82%). In- vitro antibiotic sensitivity/resistance test revealed that the gram negative bacteria were sensitive to Ofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Pefloxacin and Nalidixic acid and resistant to Augmentin and Ampicillin, while the gram positive isolates were sensitive to Erythromycin, Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin Streptomycin and Rifampicin and resistant to Amoxacillin, Chloraphenicol and Ampiclox.
Urinary tract infection (UTI) affects any part of the urinary tract. (Colgan, R., et.al., 2002) The main etiologic agent is Escherichia Coli (Johnson, J. R., 2004) . Although urine contains a variety of salts and waste products, it should not habour bacteria. When bacteria gets into the bladder or kidney and multiply in the urine, they may cause UTI. (Gould, C.v., e.tal., 2010). The most common type of UTI is acute cystitis often referred to as a bladder infection. An infection of the upper urinary tract or kidney is known as pyelonephritis, and is potentially more serious (Justices, et.al., 2006). Urinary tract infection UTI are serious health problems affecting millions of people each year. UTI is the second most common type of infection in the body, accounting for about 8.3 million visits to the hospitals each year. (Mars, P.S., 2002).
UTIs are caused by the presence of bacteria in urine, although fungi and virues could be involved. Escherichia coli causes 75-90% of uncomplicated UTIs (Karen, et.al., 2006) whereas Staphylococcus Saprophyticus causes on estimated 5-15% of UTIs frequently in younger women (Michael, et.al., 2007). Enterococcus and other Gram negative rods other than E. coli have also been implicated in some cases (Benjamin, et. al., 2009). The common source of E. Coli infections in women is the faecal flora. In males, the organisms frequently original from the sub prepucial sac. The higher prevalence in females as compared with males is attributable to the shortness of the female urethra and its closeness to the anus. UTI is much higher in females during adolescence and child bearing years. The incidence of UTI in men approaches that of women only in men older that 50 years (Starr and Targgart 2002).
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